Kodi mphumu ndi chiyani?
Mphumu ndi matenda osatha (a nthawi yayitali) a m'mapapo omwe amakhudza njira zopumira—machubu omwe amalowetsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya m'mapapo mwanu. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu, njira zopumirazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotupa komanso zofewa. Zikakumana ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa, zimatha kutupa kwambiri, ndipo minofu yozungulira imatha kulimba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda momasuka, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro za mphumu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "kuukira kwa mphumu" kapena kukulirakulira.
Kodi Chimachitika N'chiyani Pa Nthawi Yodwala Mphumu?
Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kusintha kwakukulu katatu mu njira zopumira:
Kutupa ndi Kutupa: Chipinda cha njira zopumira mpweya chimakhala chofiira, chotupa, ndipo chimatulutsa mamina ochulukirapo.
Kutsekeka kwa mapapo: Minofu yozungulira njira yopumira imalimba.
Kuchuluka kwa Mafinya: Mafinya okhuthala amatseka njira zopumira zomwe zaphwanyidwa kale.
Kusintha kumeneku pamodzi kumapangitsa kuti njira zopumira zikhale zochepa kwambiri, ngati udzu womwe ukufinyidwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zizindikiro zomwe zimadziwika bwino.
Zizindikiro Zodziwika
Zizindikiro za mphumu zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu komanso nthawi ndi nthawi. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kupuma movutikira
- Kupuma movutikira (kumveka ngati mluzu kapena phokoso la phokoso pamene mukupuma)
- Kulimba pachifuwa kapena kupweteka
- Kutsokomola, nthawi zambiri kumakulirakulira usiku kapena m'mawa kwambiri
Anthu osiyanasiyana ali ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi izi:
- Ziweto zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo: Mungu, nthata za fumbi, spores za nkhungu, dander ya ziweto, zinyalala za cockroach.
- Zinthu zoyambitsa mkwiyo: Utsi wa fodya, kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, utsi wamphamvu wa mankhwala, zonunkhira.
- Matenda a kupuma: Chimfine, fuluwenza, matenda a sinus.
- Zochita Zolimbitsa Thupi: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungayambitse zizindikiro (Kutsekeka kwa Broncho komwe kumayambitsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi).
- Nyengo: Kuzizira, mpweya wouma kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa nyengo.
- Maganizo Amphamvu: Kupsinjika maganizo, kuseka, kapena kulira.
- Mankhwala Ena: Monga aspirin kapena mankhwala ena oletsa kutupa (NSAIDs) mwa anthu ena.
Kuzindikira ndi Kuchiza
Palibe njira imodzi yodziwira mphumu. Madokotala amazindikira mphumuyo potengera mbiri yachipatala, mayeso a thupi, ndi mayeso a ntchito ya mapapo, monga spirometry, yomwe imayesa kuchuluka ndi liwiro lomwe mungathe kutulutsa mpweya.
Ngakhale kuti mphumu sichitha, imatha kuchiritsidwa bwino ndi chithandizo choyenera, zomwe zimathandiza anthu kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wokangalika. Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala:
Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa Kwa Nthawi Yaitali (Oletsa): Amamwedwa tsiku lililonse kuti achepetse kutupa komwe kumayambitsa matendawa komanso kupewa zizindikiro zake. Mankhwala ofala kwambiri ndi corticosteroids omwe amapumidwa (monga fluticasone, budesonide).
Mankhwala Othandiza Mwachangu (Opulumutsa): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya mphumu kuti apereke mpumulo mwachangu mwa kumasula minofu yolimba ya mpweya. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ma beta agonists (SABAs) omwe amagwira ntchito mwachangu monga albuterol.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kasamalidwe ka matenda ndi kupanga ndondomeko yoyendetsera matenda a mphumu ndi dokotala wanu. Ndondomeko yolembedwayi ikufotokoza mankhwala omwe muyenera kumwa tsiku lililonse, momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro zomwe zikuipiraipira, komanso njira zomwe muyenera kuchita (kuphatikizapo nthawi yoti mupeze chithandizo chadzidzidzi) mukadwala.
Kukhala ndi Mphumu
Kusamalira bwino mphumu kumapitirira mankhwala:
Dziwani ndi Kupewa Zinthu Zoyambitsa: Yesetsani kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe mukudziwa kuti zimayambitsa.
Yang'anirani Kupuma Kwanu: Nthawi zonse yang'anani kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mumayenda (muyeso wa momwe mpweya umayendera bwino m'mapapu anu).
Pezani Katemera: Kulandira katemera wa chimfine chaka chilichonse komanso kukhala ndi katemera wa chibayo waposachedwa kungalepheretse matenda omwe angayambitse matenda.
Khalani Ochita Masewera Olimbitsa Thupi: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumalimbitsa mtima ndi mapapo anu. Gwirani ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti muchepetse zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Nthawi Yofunsira Thandizo Ladzidzidzi
Fufuzani chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga ngati:
Chopumira chanu chothandiza mwamsanga sichipereka mpumulo kapena mpumulo ndi wa kanthawi kochepa.
Muli ndi kupuma movutikira kwambiri, simungathe kulankhula bwino, kapena milomo/zikhadabo zanu zimakhala zabuluu.
Kuwerengera kwanu kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe mwachita kuli mu "dera lofiira" monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu dongosolo lanu la zochita.
Chithunzi Chachikulu
Mphumu ndi matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amakhudza anthu mamiliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira ana mpaka akuluakulu. Ndi mankhwala amakono komanso dongosolo labwino loyang'anira, kuphulika kwa mphumu kumatha kupewedwa, ndipo zizindikiro zimatha kuthetsedwa. Ngati mukukayikira kuti inu kapena wokondedwa wanu muli ndi mphumu, kufunsa dokotala ndiye gawo loyamba lofunikira kuti mupumule mosavuta.
Kutupa kosatha kwa mpweya wotuluka m'mapapo ndi chizindikiro cha mitundu ina ya mphumu, cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), ndi matenda osatha oletsa kupuma (COPD).
M'dziko lamakono, mayeso osavulaza, osavuta, obwerezabwereza, achangu, osavuta, komanso otsika mtengo otchedwa Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), nthawi zambiri amathandiza kuzindikira kutupa kwa mpweya, motero amathandizira kuzindikira mphumu pamene pali kusatsimikizika kwa matenda.
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon monoxide m'mpweya wotuluka (FeCO2), wofanana ndi FeNO2, kwayesedwa ngati chizindikiro cha mpweya chomwe chikuwonetsa momwe thupi limayankhira matenda, kuphatikizapo kusuta fodya, ndi matenda otupa m'mapapo ndi ziwalo zina.
Chowunikira mpweya wa UBREATH (BA810) ndi chipangizo chachipatala chopangidwa ndi e-LinkCare Meditech kuti chigwirizane ndi mayeso a FeNO ndi FeCO kuti chipereke muyeso wachangu, wolondola, komanso wochuluka kuti chithandizire kuzindikira matenda ndi kuwongolera monga mphumu ndi kutupa kwina kwa mpweya.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-16-2025