Matenda Osatha a M'mapapo Osatha, omwe amadziwika kuti COPD, ndi matenda opita patsogolo m'mapapo omwe amachititsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta. "Kupita patsogolo" kumatanthauza kuti vutoli limakula pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda ndi imfa padziko lonse lapansi, komanso ndi chopewera komanso chotheka kuchithetsa. Kumvetsetsa COPD ndi sitepe yoyamba yowongolera thanzi la mapapo anu.

Kodi COPD ndi chiyani? Kuyang'anitsitsa Mapapu

Kuti mumvetse COPD, zimathandiza kudziwa momwe mapapu anu amagwirira ntchito. Mukapuma mpweya, mpweya umayenda kudzera mu payipi yanu ya mpweya (trachea) kupita mu machubu otchedwa bronchi, omwe amafalikira m'machubu ang'onoang'ono (bronchioles) m'mapapu anu onse. Kumapeto kwa machubu amenewa kuli timatumba tating'ono ta mpweya totchedwa alveoli. Timatumba timeneti timatha kusinthasintha ndipo timachita ngati mabaluni, kudzaza ndi mpweya kenako n’kutuluka mpweya woipa kuti titulutse mpweya woipa.

COPD ndi mawu ofunikira omwe ali ndi matenda awiri akuluakulu, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamodzi:

Emphysema: Matenda a m'mapapoMakoma a alveoli amawonongeka ndi kuwonongeka. Izi zimachepetsa malo osinthira mpweya ndipo zimapangitsa kuti mapapo asamathe kusinthasintha. Mpweya umatsekeredwa m'matumba owonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutulutsa mpweya wonse.

Matenda a Bronchitis Osatha:Izi zimaphatikizapo kutupa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mkati mwa thireyi ya bronchial. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi chifuwa chopitirira komanso chotulutsa mpweya (chotulutsa mafinya) kwa miyezi itatu pachaka kwa zaka ziwiri zotsatizana. Njira zopumira zotupa zimatupa ndipo zimatsekeka ndi mamina.

M'zochitika zonsezi, zotsatira zake zimakhala kutsekeka kwa mpweya wotuluka m'mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamapume mokwanira.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Zoopsa

Chifukwa chachikulu cha COPD ndi kukhala ndi zinthu zoyambitsa matenda a m'mapapo zomwe zimawononga mapapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Choopsa chachikulu ndi ichi:

Kusuta Fodya: Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu, chomwe chimayambitsa milandu yambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo ndudu, ndudu, mapaipi, ndi utsi wosuta kwa anthu ena.

Komabe, anthu osasuta fodya amathanso kudwala matenda a COPD. Zinthu zina zazikulu zomwe zingachititse kuti munthu adwale matendawa ndi izi:

Kukhudzidwa ndi ntchito: Kukhudzidwa ndi utsi wa mankhwala, nthunzi, fumbi, ndi zinthu zina zoopsa kuntchito kwa nthawi yayitali (monga m'migodi, nsalu, kapena zomangamanga).

Kuipitsidwa kwa Mpweya M'nyumba ndi Panja: M'madera ambiri padziko lapansi, kuyatsa mafuta a biomass (monga nkhuni, zinyalala za mbewu, kapena malasha) pophikira ndi kutentha m'nyumba zopanda mpweya wabwino ndi chifukwa chachikulu. Kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa mpweya wakunja kumathandiziranso.

Majini: Matenda osowa kwambiri a majini otchedwa Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency angayambitse matenda a COPD, ngakhale kwa anthu osasuta. Puloteni iyi imateteza mapapo, ndipo popanda iyo, mapapo amatha kuwonongeka mosavuta.

Kuzindikira Zizindikiro

Zizindikiro za COPD nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa poyamba koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamene matendawa akupitirira. Anthu ambiri poyamba amaziona ngati zizindikiro za ukalamba kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

Chifuwa Chosalekeza: Chifuwa chosatha chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa "chifuwa cha wosuta."

Kuchuluka kwa Mafinya: Kutsokomola pafupipafupi (phlegm).

Kulephera Kupuma (Dyspnea): Ichi ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino. Poyamba chingachitike pokhapokha ngati munthu akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi koma pambuyo pake chingachitike ngakhale ali mtulo. Anthu nthawi zambiri amanena kuti ndi "kusapeza mpweya wokwanira."

Kupuma movutikira: Phokoso lolira kapena lolira kwambiri mukapuma.

Kulimba pachifuwa: Kumva ngati chifuwa chatsekeka kapena chapanikizika.

Chinthu chachikulu cha COPD ndi "kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro," zomwe ndi zochitika zomwe zizindikiro zimakula mwadzidzidzi ndipo zimatha kwa masiku angapo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda opuma (monga chimfine kapena chimfine) kapena kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya. Kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro kungakhale koopsa, kumafuna kugonekedwa kuchipatala, ndipo kungathandize kuti matendawa apitirire msanga.

Kuzindikira ndi Kuchiza

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro izi, makamaka ngati ndinu wosuta fodya kapena muli ndi mbiri yokhudzana ndi zinthu zoyambitsa kuyabwa m'mapapo, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Kuzindikira matenda nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo:

Spirometry: Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yoyezera ntchito ya mapapo. Mumauzira mpweya mwamphamvu mu chubu cholumikizidwa ndi makina, chomwe chimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungatulutse komanso kuthamanga komwe mungathe kuchita.

X-ray ya pachifuwa kapena CT Scan: Mayeso awa amatha kuwonetsa emphysema ndikuchotsa mavuto ena a m'mapapo.

Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala a COPD, mankhwala amatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda, komanso kusintha moyo.

1. Kusintha kwa Moyo:

Siyani Kusuta: Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri.

Pewani Zinthu Zoyambitsa Mapapo: Pewani utsi wochokera kwa munthu wina, kuipitsa mpweya, ndi utsi wa mankhwala.

2. Mankhwala:

Mankhwala opumira mpweya: Awa ndi mankhwala opumira mpweya omwe amamasula minofu yozungulira njira zopumira mpweya, kuthandiza kutsegula mpweya ndikupangitsa kupuma kukhala kosavuta. Nthawi zambiri amamwedwa tsiku lililonse ndi mankhwala opumira mpweya.

Mankhwala a Corticosteroids Opumira: Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa kutupa m'njira zopumira komanso kupewa kukulirakulira.

Zopumira Zosakaniza: Izi zili ndi bronchodilator ndi steroid.

3. Kubwezeretsa M'mapapo:

Iyi ndi pulogalamu yokonzedwa payekha yomwe imaphatikizapo maphunziro olimbitsa thupi, upangiri wazakudya, ndi maphunziro okhudza matenda anu. Imakuphunzitsani momwe mungathanirane ndi vuto lanu bwino komanso kukhalabe otanganidwa momwe mungathere.

4. Chithandizo cha Mpweya:

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi COPD yayikulu komanso mpweya wochepa m'magazi, kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wowonjezera kunyumba kungathandize kupulumutsa moyo, kuchepetsa mavuto, komanso kuwonjezera mphamvu.

5. Katemera:

Kulandira jakisoni wa chimfine chaka chilichonse ndi katemera wa pneumococcal ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa matenda opatsirana m'mapapo omwe angayambitse kukulirakulira kwakukulu.

6. Opaleshoni:

Pa milandu yosiyana kwambiri ya emphysema yoopsa, njira zina zochitira opaleshoni monga opaleshoni yochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapapo kapena kuyika mapapo ena zitha kuganiziridwa.

Kupewa Ndikofunikira

Njira yabwino yopewera COPD ndikuyamba kusuta kapena kusiya ngati mwayamba kale kusuta. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi fumbi ndi mankhwala a kuntchito (kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera) komanso kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi mpweya woipa m'nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito zitofu zophikira zoyera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ndi njira zofunika kwambiri paumoyo wa anthu.

Mapeto

COPD ndi matenda oopsa koma otheka kuwathetsa. Kuzindikira msanga ndi kuyang'anira bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pomvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa, kuzindikira zizindikiro, ndikutsatira dongosolo la chithandizo, anthu omwe ali ndi COPD amatha kupuma mosavuta, kuchepetsa kuphulika kwa matenda, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi. Ngati muli pachiwopsezo, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.